German history (Library of Congress)

• Chapter 1. Historical Setting: Early History to 1945
  • Early History
  • Medieval Germany
    • The Merovingian Dynasty, ca. 500-751
    • The Carolingian Dynasty, 752-911
    • The Saxon Dynasty, 919-1024
    • The Salian Dynasty, 1024-1125
    • The Hohenstaufen Dynasty, 1138-1254 >>>Hohenstaufen-HomePage
    • The Empire under the Early Habsburgs and Luxembourgs
  • The Protestant Reformation
    • Martin Luther
    • Resistance to Lutheranism
    • The Peace of Augsburg
  • The Thirty Years' War, 1618-48
    • The Counter-Reformation and Religious Tensions
    • Military Campaigns
    • The Peace of Westphalia
  • The Age of Enlightened Absolutism, 1648-1789
    • Austria and Prussia
    • The Smaller States
  • The French Revolution and Germany
  • The German Confederation, 1815-66
    • Economic and Political Trends Toward Unification
    • The Revolutions of 1848
    • The Restoration
  • Bismarck and Unification
  • Imperial Germany
    • Political Parties
    • The Economy and Population Growth
    • The Tariff Agreement of 1879 and Its Social Consequences
    • Bismarck's Foreign Policy
    • Foreign Policy in the Wilhelmine Era
    • World War I
  • The Weimar Republic, 1918-33
    • The Weimar Constitution
    • Problems of Parliamentary Politics
    • The Stresemann Era
    • Hitler and the Rise of National Socialism
  • The Third Reich, 1933-45
    • The Consolidation of Power
    • Foreign Policy
    • The Outbreak of World War II
    • Total Mobilization, Resistance, and the Holocaust
    • Defeat
• Chapter 2. Historical Setting: 1945 to 1990
  • Postwar Occupation and Division
    • The Establishment of Occupation Zones
    • The Nuremberg Trials and Denazification
    • Political Parties and Democratization
    • The Creation of the Bizone
    • The Birth of the Federal Republic of Germany
    • The Birth of the German Democratic Republic
  • West Germany and the Community of Nations
    • Rearmament and the European Defense Community
    • Social Market Economy
    • Ludwig Erhard and the Grand Coalition
  • The Ulbricht Era, 1949-71
    • Consolidation of the New State
    • Planned Economy
    • The Warsaw Pact and the National People's Army
    • The Berlin Wall
    • The "Socialist State of the German Nation"
  • The Social Democratic-Free Democratic Coalition, 1969-82
    • Willy Brandt
    • Ostpolitik
    • Helmut Schmidt
    • The Student Movement and Terrorism
    • The Greens
  • The Christian Democratic/Christian Social-Free Democratic Coalition, 1982-98
  • The Honecker Era, 1971-89
    • The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe
    • The New East German Constitution and the Question of Identity
    • Relations Between the Two Germanys
    • The Peace Movement and Internal Resistance
    • The Last Days of East Germany
  • Opening of the Berlin Wall and Unification